U1-U2语法
Unit 1
不定冠词a / an的使用方法:
不定冠词a与one同源，是“一个”的意思，和可数名词单数连用，表示某类人或东西中的一个．
元音发音要用an,辅音发音要用a：
一般以a,e,i,o,u开头的可数名词单数要用an。
总结可得：U开头发 “u” 本音的要用a， e.g. a useful book, a uniform, a university.
U开头不发本音的都用an， e.g. an umbrella, an unusual day
O 在中考唯一特例是one， e.g. a one-day trip
E 在中考唯一特列是European e.g. a European country.
26个字母里面有的字母单独列出，也需要用an.口诀 “Mr. Line has a fox” 中的字母前都用an，其余都用a。
e.g. There is an “m” and a “p” in the word “map”.
3. 序数词前一般+the，特殊状况：a+序数词=again “又一次，再一次”
I have failed in the exam,but I will try a second time.
冠词小测练：
1.____________________umbrella 2.____________________useful book 3.____________________m
4.____________________w 5.____________________e 6.____________________doctor
7.____________________hour 8.____________________engineer 9.____________________uniform
10.____________________s 11.____________________honest girl 12.____________________half
13.________actor 14._______European girl 15._______expensive book
16._____one-day holiday 17.______eight-day holiday 18._______unusual book
19.________uncle 20. ________Mp3 21.__________horse
Unit 2
八大时态的表达形式：
八大时态时间状语：
一般目前时：always/often/ usually/sometimes/never，every，once a week，on Sundays，in the
morning…
一般过去时：yesterday, just now, last..., in 2008,...ago,the day before yesterday,this morning…
一般以后时：tomorrow, next day, soon, the day after tomorrow，in+时间段.,in future等
目前进行时：now, look, listen, at the moment, it’s+时刻,right now,at present,these days,Be
quiet!/Don't talk,at 7:30 in the morning
过去进行时：
1) 时间点+过去时（at 8:00 yesterday）
2)时间段+过去时（from 7 to 9 last night）
3)at that time， the whole morning， this time yesterday...
4)也有时没时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。
5)when/while引导的时间状语从句中
过去以后时：该时态常用于宾语从句中, 主句的谓语动词常常是过去时，从句时态是以后时。
目前完成时：already（已经）, yet（尚且没）never（从不）, ever（过去）, just, before,since,for
so far（迄今为止）, up to now=up till now（到现在为止),recently/,lately（近期）,in
the past/last+过去的时间，频率副词（often, sometimes...）,表示次数（once,twice...）
过去完成时：
. By the time sb. did sth.
. When/After sb. did sth.
. Before sb. did sth.
随堂小测练：
1.I will return the book to the library because I __________ reading it.
2.She often __________her homework in the evening, but she__________ TV yesterday.
3.He told me he __________ her with her maths the next evening.
4.He __________ in a minute. Ask someone else to do it.
5.-Where were you in July last year?-This time last year my family and I __________ Beijing.
6.He said that the earth __________ round the sun.
7.By the time we got to the cinema, the film __________ on for five minutes.
8.The two friends __________ each other since 1985.
9.-Excuse me, where is Lily?-Oh, she __________ the volleyball match on the playground.
10.When they got to the station, the bus __________ already __________.
首字母填空解题方法：
1. 通读短文，知道大意；
2. 判断句子成分；
3. 确定空格单词词性；
4. 联系上下文，找线索，推断答案；
5. 通读短文，检查答案。注意语法问题；
中考考察要素剖析：
上海五年中考试题首字母填空考查要素统计
年份 | 名词 | 动词时态/语态 | 形容词 | 副词 | 代词 | 连词 | 介词 | 感叹词 | 情态动词 |
12 |
| √ | √√ | √√ |
|
|
|
| √ |
13 | √ | √ | √√ | √√ | √ |
|
|
|
|
14 | √ | √ | √√ | √ |
| √ | √ |
|
|
15 | √ | √ | √ | √√ | √ |
|
| √ |
|
16 | √√ | √√ |
| √√ | √ | √ |
|
|
|
17 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √√ |
|
|
| √ |
从统计表中不难看出，考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。
典型案例剖析：
例题1:
A Delicious Meal
Tony is Chinese American. His family members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week. Last week Tony i______81______his friend Amy for it.
Tony’s family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The father was cooking vegetables with hot oil. The k______82______was filled with many good smells. “You can help me set the table.” Tony told his friend. They gave each person a pair of chopsticks, a soup bowl, and a rice bowl on a plate .
“Where are the forks and knives? “ Amy asked.
“Oh, you won’t n______83______those.” Tony explained. “I’ll show you how to use chopsticks , Don’t worry.”
Tony’s mother put different foods which were unfamiliar to Amy onto big plates. She asked the kids to carry the food-filled plates out to the table. Amy carried roast duck. It was one of the f______84______dishes she recognized.
Amy was a little nervous about eating with chopsticks. Tony gave her instructions on how to do it. Amy finally managed to hold the chopsticks. Just when she picked up a piece of chicken in her chopsticks, her finger s______85______lost control of them and the chicken flew across the table. It landed in Tony’s soup with a splash. E_____86_____ at he table smiled.
Tony’s father kindly brought out a fork and knives. He handed them to Amy. Amy felt more c____87____.She ate the rest of the dinner easily. It was delicious!
At the end of the meal, Amy was given a fortune cookie .She broke it open and read the small note inside, “If you practise hard, you will learn many things.” Amy laughed and said, “If you let me take home a pair of chopsticks, my fortune may come true!”
【答案】81. invited 82. kitchen 83.need 84. few 85. suddenly 86. Everyone 87. comfortable
【分析】
81. 依据句子剖析了解该空词性为动词，同时后面介词“for”为提示词，invite sb. for…, invite sb. to do sth.除此之外依据上一句“serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week.”线索可以判断出邀请他的朋友Amy来赴宴。因此可以判断出答案为：invited。
82. 依据句子剖析了解该空词性为名词，同时依据句子“was filled with many good smells.”线索可以判断出空格为地名，再依据句子“The father was cooking vegetables with hot oil. ”线索可以判断出是做饭的地方，因此可以判断出答案为：kitchen。
83. 依据句子剖析了解该空词性为动词，同时依据句子“Where are the forks and knives”线索可以判断出前面Amy想要forks and knives，再依据句子“I’ll show you how to use chopsticks ”线索可以判断教她如何用chopsticks，所以无需forks and knives，因此可以判断出答案：need。
84. 依据两个重点提示词unfamiliar 和 recognized，前面说好多菜不熟知，后面说认出一道菜，说明“为数不多”，这里修饰可数名词，因此可以判断出答案：few。
85. 依据句子剖析了解该空词性为副词，同时依据句子“Just when she picked up a piece of chicken in her chopsticks”和短语“lost control of them”线索可以判断出她的手指什么样的失控，由此可以判断出答案是：suddenly。
86. 依据句子剖析了解该空为主语，为名词或者代词等。同时依据线索单词“smile”可以判断出应该主语是人，由此可以判断出答案是：Everyone。
87. 依据句子剖析了解该空词性为形容词，依据后面的easily可以看出来，Amy这个时候用了自己善于的fork and knives，当然也舒服了。由此可以判断出答案是：comfortable。
例题2:
"Olyvia, love is simple. You don’t have to do much to make someone happy. "That was what my mother said to me when I was a child. Over a year ago, I had a chance. My good friend Kaylee told me about her t_____81_____to a small town called Gary, and how it was a life-changing experience. I made up my mind to go there myself.
When I told my parents about the decision, they didn’t a_____ 82______at first. They said I didn’t know much about the place. They were worried that it was not s_____83_____for me to go there. Thankfully, after I explained my plan to them in detail, they said yes.
When our group arrived in Gary, I noticed how different the town was from where I lived. There were few stores or restaurants in the town, most had closed. So you would be very l____84____ if you could find a place to buy food or drinks. Houses were built on small hills. Many of them had broken doors or windows. My job was to help the local people to r______ 85____ houses.The work days were long and hot, but it was really good to see the houses taking on a new look day by day.
The children there were also different. They seemed to enjoy every moment in life though they were poor. The smallest things would make these kids happy. I couldn’t find words to describe their j _____86_____when they received an ice-cream, a ball or even a kiss. The community was like a big family. Everyone knew each other and was there when someone needed help.
I am so glad that I had this unforgettable experience. I truly learned the m____ 87____ of what my mother said. You don’t need to do much to make a difference to others' lives.
【答案】81. trip 82. agree 83. safe 84. lucky 85. repair 86. joy 87. meaning
【分析】
81. 依据句子结构确定该空为名词，同时由线索短语“a small town called Gary”推断可知答案为trip。
82. 依据线索句子“They said I didn’t know much about the place.”推断可知答案为agree。
83. 依据句子结构确定该空为形容词，同时依据线索句子“They were worried that it was not...”，推断可知答案为safe。
84. 依据句子结构确定该空为形容词，同时依据线索句子“There were few stores or restaurants in the town, most had closed. ”，推断可知答案为lucky。
85. 依据句子结构确定该空为动词，同时依据线索句子“Many of them had broken doors or windows ”，推断可知答案为repair。
86. 依据句子结构确定该空为名词，同时依据线索句子“The smallest things would make these kids happy”，推断可知答案为joy。
87. 依据句子结构确定该空为名词，the meaning of…的意义。依据首字母提示可知，答案为meaning。
